Urinary Tract Infection

What is Urinary Tract Infection

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that occurs in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. Typically, UTIs are caused by bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli), and they are more common in women due to their shorter urethra. As a result, a UTI can cause symptoms like painful urination, frequent urination, urinary urgency, and cloudy or bloody urine.

Causes

Poor Hygiene

Wiping from back to front after using the toilet can spread bacteria from the anus to the urethra.

Sexual Activity

Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urethra.

Weakened Immune System

Conditions like diabetes or HIV can impair the immune system, making it easier for infections to develop.

Pregnancy

Hormonal and anatomical changes during pregnancy increase the risk of UTIs.

Urinary Retention

Infrequent urination or not fully emptying the bladder increases the risk of bacterial growth.

Catheter Use

Using a urinary catheter can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.

Anatomical Abnormalities

Certain birth defects or structural abnormalities in the urinary tract can make someone more prone to UTIs.

Treatment

Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to clear the infection. Specific treatments depend on the location and severity of the infection:

Antibiotics: A healthcare provider will prescribe antibiotics based on the type of bacteria causing the infection. It’s important to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to prevent the infection from returning.

Pain relievers: Medications like phenazopyridine can help relieve discomfort associated with painful urination.

Increased fluid intake: Drinking plenty of water helps flush bacteria from the urinary system.

Cranberry supplements: Though their effectiveness is debated, cranberry juice or supplements may help prevent UTIs in some individuals.

For recurrent UTIs, preventive strategies might include long-term low-dose antibiotics, self-testing for infections, or lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors. Additionally, in rare cases, doctors may recommend surgery to correct anatomical issues that cause frequent infections.

Urinary Tract Infection
Your urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Together, these organs remove waste from the body through urine. Specifically, the kidneys, located toward the back of the upper abdomen, filter waste and fluid from the blood and produce urine. Then, urine moves from the kidneys through narrow tubes called the ureters to the bladder. The bladder, in turn, stores urine until it’s time to urinate. Finally, urine leaves the body through another small tube called the urethra.